N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine is an urinary nucleoside. The mean levels of urinary N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine in patients with colorectal cancer are significantly higher than those in patients with intestinal villous adenoma or healthy adults.

7α, 25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC) is a potent and selective agonist and endogenous ligand of the orphan GPCR receptor EBI2 (GPR183). 7α, 25-dihydroxycholesterol can serve as a chemokine directing migration of B cells, T cells and dendritic cells[1][2], and it is highly potent at activating EBI2 (EC50=140 pM; Kd=450 pM).

Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide (a peptide composed of a chain of 11 amino acid residues) member of the tachykinin neuropeptide family.The neuropeptide substance P (SP) that are mediated by the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1-R) desensitize and resensitize, which may be associated with NK1-R endocytosis and recycling.